中考语法考点及答案（中考语法名词的知识结构及应掌握的知识点详细解析）

每半还能把原名叫,不可数名词就遇到。本题考查不可数名词量的表示方法。tea和water都是不可数名词,因此不能加一。而glass和cup均为可数名词，两杯是复数,应用复数形式，所以选C。

中考语法考点及答案?1.个体名词：worker (工人)cup (杯子)，我来为大家讲解一下关于中考语法考点及答案?跟着小编一起来看一看吧!

中考语法考点及答案

1.个体名词：worker (工人)cup (杯子)

2.集体名词：family (家庭)factory (工厂)

1.物质名词：glass (玻璃)ice (冰)

2.抽象名词：beauty (美丽)peace (和平)

※怎样分辨可数名词与不可数名词的歌诀：

可数不可数好分辨，名词所示物分两半。

每半若不能叫原名，那该词可数最肯定。

每半还能把原名叫,不可数名词就遇到。

有的名词是两面堵，意变不可数为可数。如:

bike(自行车)，如果把一辆自行车 分成两半,每半只能叫自行车的一部分，不能再叫自行车，所以bike是可数名词。

water(水)，如果把一杯水分成两杯，每杯仍可叫水，因此water是不可数名词。

orange(橘汁)，如果把一瓶橘汁分成两瓶，每瓶还可以叫橘汁，故orange(橘汁)为不可数名词;但意为“橘子”时，是可数名词。如：

- -What would you like to drink,girls?

_ _ _ _，please.

A.Two glass of water

B.Two glass of waters

C.Two cups of tea

D.Two cups of teas

答案：C。

解析句意:想喝点什么，女孩们?。一请来两杯茶。本题考查不可数名词量的表示方法。tea 和water都是不可数名词,因此不能加一。而glass和cup均为可数名词，两杯是复数,应用复数形式，所以选C。

China (中国)

Party (政党)

the United States (美国)

the Great Wall (长城)

■可数名词: boy (男孩)一boys (男孩们)

■不可数名词:paper(纸)

△规则变化: map (地图)→maps (地图)

△不规则变化: goose (鹅)→geese (鹅)

（1）一般在名词词尾加"-s"

map→maps地图

desk →desks

bird→birds鸟

orange→oranges 桔子

bike→bikes自行车

（2）以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加"-es"

box→boxes盒子

glass→glasses玻璃杯

class→classes班级

watch→watches手表

dish→dishes盘，碟子，餐具

（3）以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加"-s"

photo→photos相片

radio→radios收音机

zoo→zoos动物园

以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加"-es"

tomato→tomatoes西红柿

potato→potatoes土豆

hero→heroes英雄

negro→negroes黑人

巧记为：黑人/英雄/爱吃/西红柿/和/土豆

（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加"-es "

baby—babies婴儿

family—families家庭

以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"-s"

boy—boys男孩

toy—toys 玩具

（5）以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为v加"-es"

roof→roofs屋顶

knife→knives小刀

wolf→wolves狠

wife→wives妻子

leaf→leaves树叶

shelf→shelves书架

blief→beliefs信仰

1. child—children

foot→feet

tooth→teeth

goose→geese

mouse→mice

man→men

woman→women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women， 例如： an Englishman→two Englishmen

但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Black是姓，其复数是the Blacks（布莱克一家）。

2. 单复数同形的名词

例如： deer鹿，sheep绵羊，fish鱼，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，li里，jin斤，yuan元

注意：除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例如: a dollar—two dollars

3. 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

例如： people人， police警察， cattle牛等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle

the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，例如：

The Chinese are hard-working and brave.

中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

1. maths数学，politics政治（学），physics物理学等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

2. news消息、新闻，为不可数名词。

3. the United States美国，the United Nations联合国，应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

4. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也视为单数。

注意：

1. 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

2. 还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

△表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式

△表示无生命的东西的所有格形式

△of词组 所有格

1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是's所有格,另一种是of所有格。如:

Beijing is China's capital.

=Beijing is the capital of China.

北京是中国的首都。

2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后加-s。如:

This is Mary and her sister's bedroom.

这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。

Lily and Lucy's mother is a nurse.

莉莉和露西的妈妈是位护士。

用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加-'s表示所有关系。如:

These are Tom's and Mary's bags.

这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。

Wei Hua's and John's licenses are missing.

魏华的和约翰的许可证都丢了。

3.以-s结尾的名词，在s后加“.s ;不以-s结尾的词在词尾加's。 如:

教师节Teachers' Day

儿童 节Children's Day

4.of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如:

the door of the room房间的门

5.双重所有格有两种形式:

①of 名词所有格;

②of 名词性物主代词。如:

He is a friend of my brother's.

他是我哥哥的一个朋友。

Is she a daughter of yours?

她是你的女儿吗?

6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上-'s代表全称。如:

at the doctor's在诊所

7.一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如someone ,everybody等和else连用时，s应加在else后。如:

somebody else's pencil别人的铅笔

8.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以在词尾加“-'s”或“of”来构成所有格。如:

(1)用于时间

five miles’ distance 五英里的距离

an hour's ride骑车一小时的路程

two weeks' time两个星期的时间

(2)用于度量

thirteen tons' weight 13 吨的重量

five hundred metres' distance五百米的距离

(3)用于价值

a hundred yuan's order一百元的订货单

a hundred pounds' note 一百英镑的钞票

(4)用于天体

the earth's satellite 地球卫星

(5)用于国家

Belgium's capital比利时的首都

the city of Rome 罗马城

the city of Pairs 巴黎城

(6)用于城市

the Ural's industry 乌拉尔的工业

Changchun's agriculture 长春的农业

9.双重所有格与of所有格的区别。如:

He is a friend of your father's.

他是你父亲的一个朋友。( 强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)

He is a friend of your father.

他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好)

名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语或定语等。

1.（The boy） is clever.(主语)

2.l am （a student）.(表语)

3.I like （apples）.(宾语)

4. This is an （apple） tree.(定语)

5. We made Lu Xunjun（ monitor）.(宾补)

6. We are waiting for Miss Chen, the （English teacher）. ( 同位语)

名词在句中作主语时，主谓要保持一致

名词所有格的用法

1.Where are you going ?

-l'm going to the（）to fly a kite.

A. shop

B. library

C. park

D.post ofife

2.Today is September 10th. lt's（）Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.

A. Teachers

B. Teachers'

C. the Teachers'

D. Teacher's

3.l'll tell you（）

A. a good news

B. good a news

C. a piece of good news

D. some piece of good news

4.Yesterday's news（）very interesting.

A.is B. was C.are D. were

5. I wonder why（）are interested in action films (武打片/动作片).

A. the people

B. people

C. peoples

D. the peoples

6.Joan is（）sister.

A. Mary and Jack

B. Mary's and Jack's

C. Mary's and Jack

D. Mary and Jack's

7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for

A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks

8.The（）now is that we have lots of（）

to ask.

A. problem；question

B. question ； problem

C. question ； problems

D. problem；questions

9.There is only a ittle（）in the fridge.

That's not enough for lunch,

A, chicken B, an egg

C. chickens D. eggs

10.They have searched thef（）for three hours for the informationa bout the Canon camera.

A.TV B. radio C. Internet D. computer

Keys ：1C 2B 3C 4B 5B 6D 7B 8D 9A 10C.

family指“家，家庭”，可强调家庭中的全体成员，不指住房;home作“家”讲，指人们生活居住的地方,强调居住的范围和环境;house有“住宅，家”之意，强调房屋和居住地点。如:

My family are very kind.

我的家人都很友好。

He left home for Beiing.

他离家去北京了。

They lived in a small house.

他们住在一栋小房子里。

job是可数名词，指一项具体的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”;work是不可数名词，指工作、劳动、用功。如:

Selling newspapers is his part-time job.

卖报纸是他的兼职。

He has been out of work.他失业了。

Li Ling wants to be a singer.She thinks it's an interesting job.李玲想成为一名歌手。她认为那是一份有 趣的工作。

两个词都表示“问题”。一般来说， problem总是与“困难”相联系,它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与之搭配的动词是solve;question 总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种“问题”是“有待回答的”，常与动词answer连用。如:

He asked me some questions.

他问了我一些问题。

There is no problem that he is honest.

他为人诚实是毫无疑问的。

voice是“嗓音”; noise是“吵闹声”，指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声;sound是指人所听到的自然界的任何声音。如:

I recognized her voice at once.

我立刻听出了她的声音。

Don't make so much noise.

别弄出那么多噪音。

At the foot of the hill ,you could hear nothing but the sound of the running water.

在山脚下,除了流水声，你什么也听不见。

Exercise：

一、把下列名词变为复数：

变化口诀：

中日不变英法变，其余S在后边。

答案：Chinese /Japanese /Englishmen Frenchmen /Germans /Americans

二、单项选择：

三、名词语法练习题

1. The commander said that two________ would be sent to the Iraqi front the next day.

A. women’s doctor B. women doctors

C. women’s doctors D. women doctor

2. “Look! The police ________ here to keep order! Go away quickly,” one of them shouted.

A. is coming B. comes

C. are coming D. has come

3. She could not speak English, but made her wishes known by means of _____.

A. signs B. sighs C. movements D. words

4. In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn’t make any _____.

A. idea B. meaning C. sense D. point

5. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _____.

A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire

6. ________ food is kept in his new cave, but at last Saddam was still arrested.

A. Large quantities of B. A great deal of

C. A large number of D. Quite a few

7. –– Let’s try operating the machine right now.

––Wait. Better read the _____first.

A. instructions B. explanations

C. information D. introduction

8.The rest of the magazines________ within half an hour.

A. is sold out B. was sold out

C. were sold out D. are sold out

9. You’d have more _____of catching the train if you took a bus to the station instead of walking.

A. opportunity B. chance C. time D. energy

10.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses________ much if people leave things________ they are.

A. doesn’t change; as B. aren’t changed; like C. don’t change; like D. don’t change; as

11. I knew I shouldn’t accept anything from such a person, but I found it difficult to turn down his _____.

A. offer B. suggestion C. request D. plan

12.________it is to gather with President Bush at such a special Thanksgiving Day in Iraq!

A. what a fun B. what fun C. how fun D. what joy

13. Oh., John________ you gave us!

A. How a great surprise B. how pleasant surprise

C. what a pleasant surprise D. what pleasant surprise

14 He is________ as a leader but he hasn’t________ in teaching.

A. success; many experiences

B. a success; much experience

C. great success; an experience

D. a great success; a lot of experiences

15 —Who did you spend last weekend with?

—________.

A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’

C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s

答案：

1. B。复合名词的复数中含有构词成分man / woman时，将变为men / women, 且所修饰的名词也要变成复数。

2. C。特殊类群体名词 police / cattle 做主语时，谓语动词用复数;“警察”个体用 policeman / policewoman;牛的个体用 a head of cattle。

3. A。signs指“手势”。

4. C。make sense是习语，意为“有道理”、“意义清楚”。

5. B。比较：

attempt=尝试，企图;

intention=意图;

purpose=目的;

desire=欲望。

6. B。牢记：

①a large / great / good quantity / amount of复数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数;

②large / great / good quantities / amounts of复数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。

7. A。instructions说明书(常用复数)，explanation解释、说明。

8. C。Most of / Half of / Part of / part of名作主语,谓语与of后面的名词保持一致。本题中magazines是可数名词复数，故谓语动词用复数。

9. B。表示“机会”时，opportunity和chance两者均可;但表示“可能性”时，只能用chance。

10. A。牢记：

①The number of名词复数，谓语用单数;

②A number of名词复数，谓语常用复数。

11. A。表示主动提供的东西，用offer。

12. B。抽象名词表泛指时一般不与冠词连用。

13. C。抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时，前面用不定冠词，如：A. happy life / a good education in that university / a wide knowledge of nature.

14. B。表具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人和事

15. C，指一家人时常用the姓氏的复数。

四、名词所有格练习题

1.Every evening Mr. King takes a ______ to his home.

A. 25 minutes' walk

B. 25 minute's walk

C.25 minute walk

D. 25 minutes walk

2.Oh, dear. I forgot the two _______.

A. room's number

B. rooms' number

C. room numbers

D. room's numbers

3.________ mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai.

A. Mary and Peter's

B. Mary and Peter

C. Mary's and Peter

D. Mary's and Peter's

4.Li Lei has been to ______ many times this month.

A. her uncle

B. her uncle's

C. her uncles

D. aunt's

答案解析：

1.A。句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式，只加’，而不能加‘s。

2.C。room number房间号码，room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词，类似的还有my physics teacher, two bus driveres等。

3.D。mothers是复数，表示是两个人各自的母亲，故选D。

4.B。此句意为“李雷这个月去她舅舅家多次”，表示具体场所时，可省去所有格后面的名词。

5.A classmate of ______ was here ten minutes ago.

A. you

B. your

C. your sister

D. your sister's

6.This is a photo of ______ when they were young.

A. my father and mother

B. my mother and father's

C. my mother's and father's

D. my father's and my mother

7.It's June 1st, it's _______ Day.

A. Childrens

B. Children's

C. Childrens'

D. Childrens's

8.After the exam, we'll have ______ holiday.

A. two weeks

B. two-weeks

C. two weeks'

D. two week's

答案解析：

5.D。此题考查“双重所有格”，a classmate of yours，是“你的一个同学”；a classmate of your sister's， 是“你姐姐的一个同学”，故选D。

6.B。照片只有一张，说明是“我的爸爸和妈妈”共有的，故选B。

7.B。children's day，儿童节，children已经是child的复数，词尾不可再加s。

8.C．与1.类似，两周，week词尾要加s，以s结尾的复数名词的所有格只加’，不加‘s，故选C。